Which employment doctrine allows employees to benefit from the employment agreement bargained by the union that represents them without having to pay union dues or join the union?

The correct choice highlights the principle known as "Right to Work." This doctrine refers to laws or statutes that protect an employee's right to choose whether or not to join a union and pay union dues. Under such laws, employees can benefit from the collective bargaining agreements negotiated by the union without being required to join the union or contribute financially to its support.

The concept ensures that while workers may receive the benefits of union contracts, they are not obliged to join or pay dues, thereby promoting individual choice within the workforce. The Right to Work laws vary by state and focus on preventing mandatory union membership as a condition of employment. This sets the foundation for a broader understanding of employee rights and union dynamics in the workplace.

In contrast, other terms like collective bargaining, at-will employment, and agency shop pertain to different aspects of labor relations. Collective bargaining involves negotiation processes between unions and employers, at-will employment refers to the ability of employers to terminate employees without cause, and an agency shop requires employees to pay union dues if they benefit from union negotiations, even if they choose not to join the union. Each of these concepts plays a role in labor relations but does not specifically define the ability of employees to opt out of union membership while still enjoying negotiated benefits